Search results for "Growth phase"

showing 4 items of 4 documents

Neuronal cell cycle: the neuron itself and its circumstances.

2015

Neurons are usually regarded as postmitotic cells that undergo apoptosis in response to cell cycle reactivation. Nevertheless, recent evidence indicates the existence of a defined developmental program that induces DNA replication in specific populations of neurons, which remain in a tetraploid state for the rest of their adult life. Similarly, de novo neuronal tetraploidization has also been described in the adult brain as an early hallmark of neurodegeneration. The aim of this review is to integrate these recent developments in the context of cell cycle regulation and apoptotic cell death in neurons. We conclude that a variety of mechanisms exists in neuronal cells for G1/S and G2/M check…

ApoptosisBrdU 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridineReviewp75NTR neurotrophin receptor p75Nervous SystemG0 quiescent stateCKI Cdk-inhibitorNeuronsCell DeathNeurodegenerationCell CycleapoptosisNeurodegenerative DiseasesCell cycleCell biologymedicine.anatomical_structureInk inhibitor of kinaseBDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factorp38MAPK p38 mitogen-activated protein kinaseG2 growth phase 2Programmed cell deathS-phasePD Parkinson diseaseRb RetinoblastomaMcm2 minichromosome maintenance 2PCNA proliferating cell nuclear antigenMitosisContext (language use)BiologyCdk cyclin-dependent kinaseCNS central nervous systemS-phase synthesis phase.Cip/Kip cyclin inhibitor protein/kinase inhibitor proteinmedicineAnimalsHumansMolecular BiologyMitosisTetraploidAD Alzheimer diseasecell cycle re-entryDNA replicationCell BiologyNeuronmedicine.diseaseG1 growth phase 1neuronRGCs retinal ganglion cellsCell cycle re-entrytetraploidnervous systemApoptosisNeuronDevelopmental BiologyCell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)
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Oxygen Consumption Rate of Tumour Cells as a Function of their Proliferative Status

1987

The oxygen consumption rate \(\left( \dot{Q}{{O}_{2}} \right)\) of EMT6/Ro-cells cultured as monolayers was investigated as a function of their proliferative status. The transition of these cells from the exponential to the plateau growth phase was associated with a continuous decrease in \(\dot{Q}{{O}_{2}}\) per single cell. This decrease can partially be attributed to a corresponding decline in cellular volume. In addition, the \(\dot{Q}{{O}_{2}}\) per cell volume was also reduced during the passage of the cells through the growth phase described. The results lead to the conclusion that a reduction in cellular volume and factors which are still unknown may contribute to the metabolic chan…

CrystallographyChemistryGrowth phaseCell volumechemistry.chemical_elementOxygen
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Developmental control of the heat-shock stress regulon in Streptomyces coelicolor

1995

In the differentiating eubacterium Streptomyces coelicolor, nutritional imbalances activate a developmental programme which involves the heat-shock stress regulon. In liquid batch cultures, the growth curve could be separated into four components: rapid growth 1 (RG1), transition (T), rapid growth 2 (RG2) and stationary (S). Patterns of gene expression in cultures subjected to heat shock in various phases were recorded on two-dimensional gels and analysed using advanced statistical methods. The responses of all heat-shock proteins (HSPs) were highly dependent upon the growth phase, thus demonstrating that the four phases of growth were physiologically distinct. For many HSPs, the levels of …

DNA BacterialGrowth phaseBlotting WesternRegulonMicrobiologyMicrobiologyBacterial ProteinsHeat shock stressGene expressionElectrophoresis Gel Two-DimensionalEubacteriumIsoelectric PointMolecular BiologyGenebiologyStreptomyces coelicolorCell DifferentiationGene Expression Regulation BacterialGrowth curve (biology)Reference Standardsbiology.organism_classificationStreptomycesCell biologyMolecular WeightRegulonHeat-Shock ResponseMolecular Microbiology
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N-Glycosylation modification of proteins is an early marker of the enterocytic differentiation process of HT-29 cells

1990

International audience; The human colon cancer cell line HT-29 remains totally undifferentiated when glucose is present in the culture medium (HT-29 Glc+), while the same cells may undergo typical enterocytic differentiation after reaching confluence when grown in glucose-deprived medium (HT-29 Glc-). Recently, we demonstrated a deficiency in the overall N-glycan processing in confluent undifferentiated cells, whereas differentiated cells follow a classical pattern of N-glycosylation. The main changes in N-glycosylation observed in confluent undifferentiated cells may be summarised as follows: 1) the conversion of high mannose into complex glycopeptides is greatly decreased; 2) this decreas…

EmbryologyGlycosylationGrowth phaseCellular differentiationMedicine (miscellaneous)macromolecular substancesBiology03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineN-linked glycosylationPolysaccharides[ CHIM.ORGA ] Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry[SDV.BDD] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development BiologyTumor Cells CulturedHumansProcess (anatomy)[SDV.BDLR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology030304 developmental biologychemistry.chemical_classification0303 health sciences[CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistryProteinsCell Differentiation[CHIM.ORGA] Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistryGlycopeptideIntestinescarbohydrates (lipids)Human colon cancer[SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and NutritionGlucoseReproductive MedicineBiochemistrychemistryCell culture030220 oncology & carcinogenesisColonic Neoplasmslipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)Animal Science and ZoologyGlycoproteinMannoseCell DivisionDevelopmental BiologyFood Science
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